A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.     

高分六号宽幅相机在轨几何定标及精度验证

高分六号宽幅相机能够实现单相机成像幅宽优于800 km,对大尺度地表观测和环境监测具有独特优势。在轨几何定标是光学遥感卫星几何处理的关键环节,直接影响影像的几何质量。本文充分考虑高分六号宽幅相机超大视场的畸变特性以及多谱段的成像特点,提出宽幅相机在轨几何定标方法,采用基于探元指向角的几何定标模型补偿宽幅相机系统误差,通过绝对定标和相对定标方法联合估计各波段的内外定标参数。利用Landsat 8影像、资源三号DSM为参考数据,对宽幅相机进行绝对定标处理,再利用ASTER GDEM为参考数据进行相对定标处理,其几何定标结果表明,高分六号宽幅影像绝对定位精度在3像素左右,内部几何精度能稳定在1像素,且波段间配准精度在0.3像素以内,表明在轨几何定标后高分六号宽幅影像几何质量得到了明显的提升。     

基于空间句法理论的城市群核心区发展边界识别

准确识别当前城市群建设进程中核心区发展边界是研究城市群的一项重要内容。本文提出一种研究思路：采用空间句法分析城市群道路网,将得到的4个分析指标融合成新指标——“城市群集群度”,并提取“城市群集群度”等值线和“城市群集群度”曲线,通过计算找到最佳阈值从而提取出城市群核心区发展边界。以长株潭城市群为例,将基于空间句法的研究结果与基于Densi-Graph方法的研究结果进行对比,在除去数据质量因素后,城市群核心区发展边界识别差异有望控制在10%以内。研究表明：基于空间句法理论的城市群核心区发展边界识别方法容易获取计算数据,适用范围广,可靠性强。     

生物土壤结皮对风沙土和黄绵土膨胀特性的影响

作为重要的土壤物理性质，膨胀性在影响土壤导水性、持水性、抗蚀性以及土壤结构的形成和发育等方面发挥着重要作用。为了探讨生物土壤结皮（BSCs）土壤的膨胀特性及其主要影响因素，针对黄土高原风沙土和黄绵土两种典型土壤，利用膨胀仪测定并比较了有、无藓结皮及其在不同因素（初始含水量、干湿循环、冻融循环、温度）下膨胀率的差异，分析了BSCs对土壤膨胀性的影响及其与环境因素和BSCs性质的关系。结果显示：风沙土上藓结皮的膨胀率为1.93%，较无结皮增加了8.65倍；而黄绵土上藓结皮的膨胀率为2.05%，与无结皮相比降低了76.68%。藓结皮的生物量和厚度与其膨胀率在风沙土上均呈线性正相关关系（P < 0.05），在黄绵土上分别呈二次函数（P=0.02）和线性正相关关系（P=0.02）。初始含水量同时影响了土壤最大膨胀率和稳定膨胀时间，影响程度风沙土远大于黄绵土（包括藓结皮和无结皮）；干湿循环次数对无结皮土壤膨胀率的影响程度大于藓结皮土壤，其中风沙土和黄绵土上无结皮的膨胀率分别是50.00%~620.00%和-2.28%~10.81%，而两种土壤上藓结皮的膨胀率分别是-5.70%~10.88%和-10.24%~-21.46%；冻融循环下4种土壤的膨胀率均有不同程度的降低，降幅为0~18.54%。黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率受温度影响程度较大，50℃下黄绵土无结皮的膨胀率分别是25℃和35℃下的1.17倍和1.21倍。BSCs显著地改变了风沙土和黄绵土表层的膨胀性，其影响的程度和方向取决于土壤类型。同时，BSCs的膨胀性受含水量、温度、干湿以及冻融循环等关键因素影响。     

地方政府土地出让干预对区域工业碳排放影响的对比分析——以中国8大经济区为例

探讨不同区域地方政府干预对碳排放的影响差异,对于中国推进碳减排战略、协调区域经济社会发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,论文基于地方政府土地出让的视阈,以中国8大经济区为研究对象,有机耦合STIRPAT模型与CKC模型,构建形成STIRPAT拓展模型,并使用2007—2016年中国28个省(市、自治区)的工业面板数据,对比考察8大经济区政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响差异。结果表明:不同经济区的地方政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响存在显著差异。其中,同为CKC“倒N”型的北部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响呈现出北部沿海经济区为负、南部沿海经济区为正、长江中游经济区无显著影响的差异效果;同为CKC“倒U”型的东北、西南和西北经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响,东北和西南经济区都显著为负,西北经济区未表现出显著影响;同为CKC“U”型的东部沿海和黄河中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对碳排放也呈现出前者为负、后者为正的相反影响。研究结果可为制定碳减排差别化政策、协调区域可持续发展提供参考。     

功能疏解背景下京津冀中部核心区产业投资网络演化研究

非首都功能疏解作为京津冀协同发展战略的核心,对解决北京大城市病、实现京津冀可持续发展具有重要意义。论文构建了一个“四位一体”的产业投资网络演化分析框架,以京津冀中部核心区为研究对象,利用工商企业投资大数据测度了非首都功能的3类重点行业在2010、2014、2018年的资本流动特征,并从“节点—路径—格局”3个层面分析了功能疏解背景下产业投资网络演化过程。研究结果表明,非首都功能疏解背景下,北京市各行业对外投资增强,投资集聚中心逐渐向外围转移,但不同行业演化格局存在差异。制造业呈现由邻近扩散向等级扩散转变的演化路径,并向着多中心格局发展;批发零售业在资本净流动层面显示出扩散特征,在骨干路径层面呈现集聚现象,分布格局由北京单极放射状向京津双核联动演化;交通运输仓储和物流业向郊区物流园区所在地集聚,但网络整体发育滞后。研究结果能够为科学认识首都功能疏解情况、了解中部核心区产业结构及产业发展的变动态势提供参考。     

柴达木盆地盐湖区土壤黑碳分布及土气交换特性

深入探讨了柴达木盆地盐湖区土壤黑碳分布及土气交换特征。研究结果显示,研究区土壤总黑碳含量范围为0.50～6.79 g/kg,平均值达到1.64 g/kg;土壤烟炱组分黑碳含量范围为0.50～4.75 g/kg,平均值达到1.144 g/kg;气溶胶黑碳含量范围为0.34～4.92μg/m~3,平均值达到0.98μg/m~3。柴达木盆地盐湖区盐湖资源的大量开采和工业化生产等可能造成该地区黑碳大量排放。盐湖区土壤黑碳稳定碳同位素值(δ~(13)C_(BC))在-25.33‰～-23.46‰之间变化,平均值为-24.21‰,表明该地区土壤黑碳来源可能受C_3植物和化石燃料来源的共同影响。首次运用逃逸系数探讨了柴达木盆地盐湖区黑碳土气交换行为,结果表明研究区黑碳土气交换行为确实存在,但存在一定程度的模拟不确定性。     

3D Mineral Prospectivity Mapping with Random Forests: A Case Study of Tongling,Anhui, China

Natural Resources Research - In the past few decades, a variety of data-driven predictive modeling techniques has led to a dramatic advancement in mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). The random...     

基于耀斑改正的多光谱水深反演方法研究

利用WorldView-2四波段卫星数据和电子海图数据,基于改进的耀斑改正算法和双波段比值算法,反演获得了3处典型海域的浅水水深。通过不同海域、不同耀斑条件下水深反演实验,探讨了RED,NIR波段在典型四波段水深反演中的作用和影响,发现在双波段比值法水深反演中,引入RED+NIR波段进行耀斑改正处理,可以增加珊瑚、海藻等绿色物质覆盖海底的反射率,有效地提高该类海域的水深反演精度。基于耀斑改正的多光谱水深反演方法,适用于中轻度耀斑条件下,水质较清澈的浅海水深反演,可在国内外典型四波段卫星数据水深反演中推广应用。     

Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation(16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one(0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18 S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation(0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one(0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18 S rDNA gene because of the su ciently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences(97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P. brevipalpa. This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from dif ferent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P. brevipalpa infestation on C. gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P. brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa. yessoensis brood stock from Japan.